Abstract The objective of this work was to produce Pebax®/polydopamine (PDA) blends and apply these blends to produce membranes for gas separation. Flat sheet membranes were tested for gas permeation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show an optimal concentration of dopamine hydrochloride that produces the best results (��=100, P=114 Barrer). DSC and WAXD results indicate that polydopamine influences the crystallization of Pebax®, reducing the melting and crystallization temperatures of PA blocks and increasing the melting temperature of PEO blocks. The incorporation of PDA decreases gas permeability and increases gas selectivity. The decrease in permeability indicates that the presence of polydopamine reduces the diffusion coefficient of Pebax® by reducing the segmental mobility of PEO blocks and possibly the fraction free volume. Compared to the trade-off, Pebax®/PDA membranes surpasses the upperbound for CO2/N2 separation.

Resumo Os problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas se mantêm como foco de preocupação em países que têm uma história em comum e trajetórias distintas como Brasil e Portugal. Objetivo: descrever os achados na literatura científica sobre os impactos das mudanças na legislação sobre drogas na assistência a estas pessoas nos dois países. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, seleção da amostra, análise e categorização dos estudos com a escolha de 21 artigos publicados nas bases PubMed, SciELO e Biblioteca do Conhecimento on-line, mais portarias e leis referentes ao tema. Resultados: Observa-se que é escassa a produção sobre as repercussões das mudanças da legislação para a assistência. Nos dois países, o álcool e o tabaco se mantêm como foco de preocupação. Em Portugal, a preocupação com os problemas relacionados ao uso de heroína diminuiu nos últimos anos, mas as taxas de prevalência do uso de opióides se mantêm muito acima das do Brasil. Os problemas com o crack configuram uma realidade brasileira sem paralelo em Portugal. Em ambos os casos, há iniciativas para a mudança da política em direção à diminuição da abordagem repressiva, com a diferenciação entre usuários e traficantes, o aumento da punição dos traficantes e abrandamento da punição dos usuários.

Abstract Introduction: Substance use problems remain at the core of public concern in countries sharing a common culture and a distinct history like Brazil and Portugal. Objective: To describe findings of scientific literature about the implications of drug legislation change for the care of drug users in Brazil and Portugal. Methods: This is an integrative review of literature that considers inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample selection, analyses and categorization of 21 articles selected that were published in databases PubMed, SciELO and Biblioteca do Conhecimento on-line (B-ON) and included ordinances and laws related to the subject. Results: We observed that production on the repercussions of changes of legislation on care is scarce. Alcohol and tobacco are still a matter of concern in both countries. In Portugal, concerns about heroin-related issues have declined in recent years, but opioids use prevalence rates remain well above those of Brazil. Crack-related problems are a Brazilian reality without parallel in Portugal. In both cases, some actions are in place to change the policy in favor of a reduced repressive approach, with differentiation between users and drug dealers, increased punishment of dealers and reduced punishment of drug users.

Resumo Os problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas se mantêm como foco de preocupação em países que têm uma história em comum e trajetórias distintas como Brasil e Portugal. Objetivo: descrever os achados na literatura científica sobre os impactos das mudanças na legislação sobre drogas na assistência a estas pessoas nos dois países. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, seleção da amostra, análise e categorização dos estudos com a escolha de 21 artigos publicados nas bases PubMed, SciELO e Biblioteca do Conhecimento on-line, mais portarias e leis referentes ao tema. Resultados: Observa-se que é escassa a produção sobre as repercussões das mudanças da legislação para a assistência. Nos dois países, o álcool e o tabaco se mantêm como foco de preocupação. Em Portugal, a preocupação com os problemas relacionados ao uso de heroína diminuiu nos últimos anos, mas as taxas de prevalência do uso de opióides se mantêm muito acima das do Brasil. Os problemas com o crack configuram uma realidade brasileira sem paralelo em Portugal. Em ambos os casos, há iniciativas para a mudança da política em direção à diminuição da abordagem repressiva, com a diferenciação entre usuários e traficantes, o aumento da punição dos traficantes e abrandamento da punição dos usuários.

Abstract Introduction: Substance use problems remain at the core of public concern in countries sharing a common culture and a distinct history like Brazil and Portugal. Objective: To describe findings of scientific literature about the implications of drug legislation change for the care of drug users in Brazil and Portugal. Methods: This is an integrative review of literature that considers inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample selection, analyses and categorization of 21 articles selected that were published in databases PubMed, SciELO and Biblioteca do Conhecimento on-line (B-ON) and included ordinances and laws related to the subject. Results: We observed that production on the repercussions of changes of legislation on care is scarce. Alcohol and tobacco are still a matter of concern in both countries. In Portugal, concerns about heroin-related issues have declined in recent years, but opioids use prevalence rates remain well above those of Brazil. Crack-related problems are a Brazilian reality without parallel in Portugal. In both cases, some actions are in place to change the policy in favor of a reduced repressive approach, with differentiation between users and drug dealers, increased punishment of dealers and reduced punishment of drug users.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a incidência de complicações anestésicas em cães diabéticos e não diabéticos submetidos a cirurgia de facoemulsificação. Foram utilizados 30 cães, machos ou fêmeas de diversas raças. Os cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos: diabético (GD) (n=15) e controle (GC) (n=15). Os animais foram pré-tratados com acepromazina (0,03mg/kg) e meperidina (4mg/kg), pela via intramuscular. Após 20 minutos, a indução foi realizada com propofol (2 a 5mg/kg) e a manutenção da anestesia com isofluorano. Os animais foram monitorados e as variáveis de frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, saturação oxihemoglobina periférica, concentração dióxido de carbono no final da expiração, fração inspirada e expirada de isofluorano e pressão arterial invasiva, foram registradas em intervalos de 10 minutos durante o procedimento cirúrgico. A hemogasometria arterial foi realizada após a indução (T0) e ao final do procedimento cirúrgico (T40). A idade dos animais do grupo diabético (10±2 anos) foi superior em relação aos animais do grupo controle (6±2 anos) (p<0,0001). A concentração expirada de isofluorano após a indução foi 30% superior nos animais do grupo controle (GC 1,3±0,3%, GD 1,0±0,2%) (p<0,01). A complicação anestésica mais comum foi a hipotensão arterial, 80% dos animais diabéticos (n=12) apresentaram pressão arterial média inferior a 60mmHg (54±9.6 mmHg) após indução anestésica; 83% dos cães hipotensos (n=10) necessitaram de fármacos vasoativos para tratamento da hipotensão. Com relação às alterações hemodinâmicas, os pacientes diabéticos submetidos à anestesia geral foram mais propensos à hipotensão arterial que pode ser decorrente da resposta dos animais mais velhos aos fármacos empregados; entretanto essa alteração merece maior investigação.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper was to compare the incidence of anesthetic complications in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs subjected to phacoemulsification. In total, 30 male and female dogs of different breeds were used. The dogs were distributed into two groups: diabetic (DG) (n=15) and control (CG) (n=15). The animals were premedicated with acepromazine (0.03mg/kg) and meperidine (4mg/kg), intramuscularly. After 20 minutes, anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 to 5mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane. The animals were monitored and the heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation, end tidal carbon dioxide tension, inspired and expired isoflurane fraction, and invasive arterial pressure were recorded at 10 minute intervals during the surgical procedure. Arterial hemogasometry was performed after anesthetic induction (T0) and at the end of the surgical procedure. Diabetic patients (DG 10±2 years) were older than non-diabetic group (CG 6±2 years). The expired isoflurane fraction after induction was 30% higher in the control group (CG 1.3±0.3%, DG 1.0±0.2%) (p<0.01). The most common anesthetic complication was hypotension. In total, 80% of the diabetic animals (n=12) exhibited mean arterial pressure (MAP) lower than 60mmHg (54±9.6mmHg) after anesthetic induction, and 83% of the hypotensive dogs (n=10) required vasoactive drugs to treat hypotension. Regarding hemodynamic changes, diabetic patients subjected to general anesthesia were more likely to exhibit hypotension which may be due to the response of older animals to the drugs used; however, this change deserves further investigation.

Studies on linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome and populations have been used in recent years with the main objective of improving gene mapping of complex traits. Here, we characterize the patterns of genetic diversity of HLA loci and evaluate LD (D') extent in three genomic regions: Xq13.3, NRY and HLA. In addition, we examine the distribution of DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotype diversity in Azoreans and mainland Portuguese. Allele distribution has demonstrated that the São Miguel population is genetically very diverse; haplotype analysis revealed 100% discriminatory power for X- and Y-markers and 94.3% for HLA markers. Standardized multiallelic D' in these three genomic regions shows values lower than 0.33, thereby suggesting there is no extensive LD in the São Miguel population. Data regarding the distribution of DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotypes indicate that there are no significant differences among all the populations studied, (Azorean geographical groups, the Azores archipelago and mainland Portugal). Moreover, in these as well as in other European populations, the most frequent DXS1225-DXS8082 haplotype is 210-219. Even though São Miguel islanders and Azoreans do not constitute isolated populations and show LD for only very short physical distances, certain characteristics, such as the absence of genetic structure, the same environment and the possibility of constructing extensive pedigrees through church and civil records, offer an opportunity for dissecting the genetic background of complex diseases in these populations.

General histology of small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) and the large intestine (colon and cloaca) of C. c. yacare (Daudin, 1802) Crocodilia-Reptilia. A comparative description is made of the histology of the small and large intestine of C. c. yacare. In all segments mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa tunics were observed. The duodenum as very long villi, wich are well-developed and attached together to form irregular transverse ridges, covered with simple columnar epithelium with marginal and goblet cells. In the jejunum, the villi are shorter and less frequent. The colon as few folds, covered with the same epithelium; the lamina própria contains straight tubular glands with absortive cells, goblet and Paneth cells. The cloaca is very complex, with three well-defined regions: coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum. In the coprodeum, the wall is folded, less muscular and the thin mucosa is covered by an epithelium with a few basal cells and mucosal cells. The urodeum as an additional external muscular tunic, with striated muscle fibers and a stritifield cylindrical epithelium with goblet cells. The proctodeum includes the free part of the penis in the male and, laterally, the ducts of a pair of holocrine cloacal glands. Near the opening of the ducts, the epithelium changes to a squamous keratinized type.